Numerical predictions of water–air wave slam using incompressible–compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics     

《Applied Ocean Research》2015

The high-speed impact between a body and water is an important practical problem, whether due to wave impact on a structural deck or wall, or due to a moving body such as a ship or aircraft hitting water. The very high pressures exerted are difficult to predict and the role of air may be significant. In this paper, numerical simulations are undertaken to investigate the impact of a rigid horizontal plate onto a wave crest and, in the limit, onto a flat water surface. A two-phase incompressible–compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for water and air, respectively, is applied where the water phase imposes kinematics on the air phase at the air–water interface and the air phase imposes pressures on the water at the interface. Results are compared with experimental measurements undertaken using a drop rig positioned over a wave flume so that a horizontal plate impacts the water surface in free flight. Numerical predictions of impact pressure are quite accurate; air is shown to have a significant cushioning effect for impact on to flat water and this reduces for waves as the ratio of wave height to wavelength increases.  相似文献   

2009-2013年普里兹湾表层水体中生物硅含量的年际变化及其与全球气候事件的关系     

扈传昱  韩正兵  孙维萍  陈际雨 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(2):285-294

利用中国南极科学考察期间获得的颗粒物样品,对南大洋普里兹湾海域水体中生物硅的含量分布及年际变化情况进行了分析。研究结果显示:在2013年夏季普里兹湾表层水体中生物硅含量在0.38—8.62μmol/dm3之间变化,平均为1.55±1.86μmol/dm3。生物硅在67°S以南湾内区域表层水体中的含量明显高于67°S以北的湾外区域,最大值出现在普里兹湾陆架区,生物因子是表层水体生物硅含量分布的主控因子。根据不同年份即25、26、27、28、29次南极科学考察期间获取的数据研究显示,普里兹湾表层水体中生物硅含量存在明显的年际差异。历史数据分析结果表明,气候事件对普里兹湾海冰变化有明显的影响,因而对相应年份该海域浮游植物数量和种群结构也会产生一定的影响,从而导致表层水体中生物硅含量的年际差异。  相似文献   

Shell‐shape and morphometric variability in Mytilus galloprovincialis from micro‐tidal environments: responses to different hydrodynamic drivers          下载免费PDF全文

Vanessa Moschino  Monica Bressan  Luigi Cavaleri  Luisa Da Ros 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1440-1453

Tidal conditions differently influence inter‐tidal organisms in terms of general physiological and metabolic responses. In this study we investigated the morphological response in shells of Mytilus galloprovincialis native to different micro‐tidal coastal environments in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Our purpose was to highlight the ecophenotypic variability across tidal levels and to elucidate how tidal currents and waves produced by anthropogenic activities may play a part in modulating shell morphology. Three sampling sites were selected: an open‐sea area 15 km off‐shore and two sites within the lagoon of Venice, the first near one of its three inlets, and the other one in the proximity of Venice city centre. At each sampling site, organisms were seasonally collected at different depths within their vertical zonation, either in the inter‐tidal zone – i.e. at both the highest and lowest tide zonation limits, and subtidally. The mussel shells were analysed by investigation of their morphometric relationships (height/length and width/length ratios) and by elliptic Fourier analysis of the shell contours. Shell thickness and condition index were also evaluated for a better comprehension of energy allocation/partitioning. Estimates based on long‐term measurements, visual observation, wind statistics and wave growth laws allowed an evaluation of the forces acting on shells. At the open‐sea site, the observed phenotypic variability of both shell shape and thickness was clearly related to the tidal vertical zonation. At the two lagoon sites, the currents generated by tidal flow through the inlet and the waves caused by the frequent passage of boats influenced both shell shape and thickness. A trade‐off between protection and growth was apparent along the tide gradient, as emphasized by the differences in the partitioning and allocation of energy between shell and flesh production.  相似文献   

化简方法在线要素匹配中的应用及性能评估     

陈竞男  钱海忠  王骁  何海威  胡慧明  刘闯 《测绘学报》2015,(Z1):19-26

多源同名线要素数据局部细节差异较大,但整体形态基本上是一致的,化简算法可以删除线要素的局部细节,提取其主要形态,从而有助于匹配算法提升匹配正确率。不同化简算法的化简效果存在差异,提升匹配正确率的效果也存在差异。本文提出了利用线要素匹配来评估化简算法性能的方法。首先,阐述了动态化简带动动态匹配的方法和过程;其次,采用3种不同的化简算法进行试验,验证了所提方法提高已有匹配算法匹配正确率的有效性,以及对化简算法的普遍适用性;最后,根据加入3种化简算法的不同匹配结果,从匹配的角度对化简算法适用性进行了比较评估。  相似文献   

改进独立分量分析极化SAR影像相干滤波     

刘宇迪  余洁  刘利敏  朱腾 《测绘科学》2015,(10):84-89

极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像的相干斑滤波,对其后处理起着至关重要的作用。针对传统的独立分量分析(ICA)算法稳定性差、易陷入局部最优等缺陷,该文提出基于粒子群优化(PSO)改进的ICA滤波算法,用于进行极化SAR影像相干斑滤波。该方法利用PSO算法来改进解混矩阵W的行向量的生成过程,以提高ICA算法的分离效果。采用AIRSAR获取的旧金山海湾地区的L波段极化SAR影像进行实验,并用相干斑指数、迭代次数、收敛时间等指标进行客观评价。结果表明,基于PSO改进的ICA算法具有更高的收敛效率和更好的相干斑抑制性能,能有效地降低影像的相干斑噪声。  相似文献   

模拟退火机制下优化离散粒子群的端元提取算法     

刘飞  杨可明  魏华锋  孙阳阳  史钢强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(7):37-40

针对离散粒子群优化(Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization,DPSO)端元提取算法初始种群质量差、收敛性能低且易于陷入局部最优,本文将模拟退火算法引入到DPSO的不同阶段,模拟退火算法能以一定的概率接受和舍弃新状态,使种群内粒子渐趋有序、达到平衡,收敛到全局最优,有效避免了搜索陷入局部最优。因此,该算法不仅保持了DPSO的全局组合优化特点,克服了初始种群质量差、易陷入局部最优等缺点,而且还提高了收敛速度和端元提取精度。  相似文献   

改进PSO算法在水位流量关系拟合中的应用     

潘中建 《水文》2015,35(2):59-60

粒子群算法(PSO)是一种基于群智能的全局优化方法。将改进PSO算法应用于水位流量关系拟合优化问题,通过对结果的比较分析,验证了改进PSO算法在提高精度方面的有效性,说明了改进PSO算法在水位流量关系拟合中应用的可行性。  相似文献   

阿尔泰可可托海伟晶岩中弧形石英白云母层的成因及意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田野  秦克章  周起凤  唐冬梅  王春龙 《岩石学报》2015,31(8):2353-2365

石英白云母层时常紧贴伟晶岩侵入体的边界出现且平行边界延伸。但是在新疆阿尔泰可可托海伟晶岩型稀有金属矿区伟晶岩体中石英白云母层出现了三种不同类型的弧形起伏,这些弧形形态仅用矿物的定向生长是难以解释的。弧形石英白云母层具有统一的"背地性"指向(弧形凸起顶端一律朝上)并且越靠近伟晶岩侵入体的顶部弧形凸起越明显,在侵入体侧部边界的石英白云母层不存在弧形凸起形态。这些形态特点与浮力作用下形成的形态具有可比性,暗示浮力与弧形石英白云母层间存在密切的成因联系。石英白云母层与石英钠长石层的间隔出现指示伟晶岩浆中挥发分含量的周期性增加。挥发分含量的周期性增加导致了挥发分不断加入未固结的剩余岩浆中并向伟晶岩体顶部上升,逐步在伟晶岩侵入体的顶部形成了弧形石英白云母层。弧形石英白云母层的大量出现不仅说明伟晶岩侵入体规模较大,也暗示存在有利的挥发分保存环境,对伟晶岩型稀有金属矿产的形成和稀有金属找矿预测起到非常重要的作用。  相似文献   

北京、郑州和深圳三城市空气中气溶胶单颗粒特征的扫描电镜分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵承美  邵龙义  侯聪  幸娇萍  胡颖  王文华 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(6):925-931

分别采集北京、深圳和郑州3个城市气溶胶样品,使用场发射扫锚电镜-能谱仪观察气溶胶单颗粒的显微形貌和元素组成,并利用图像分析系统对PM2.5的粒径进行了分析。结果表明,城市气溶胶单颗粒类型以矿物颗粒、烟尘和球形颗粒(飞灰和二次粒子)为主。对比3个城市气溶胶中不同颗粒类型数量百分比发现,矿物颗粒数量最多的城市是北京,飞灰和烟尘数量最多的城市是郑州,而规则矿物颗粒数量最多的城市是深圳。3个城市气溶胶单颗粒的数量-粒径分布均呈单峰分布。深圳气溶胶中颗粒物的粒径相对较小,其次为郑州、北京。3个城市气溶胶中颗粒物来源不同程度上都受到交通污染源影响,而燃煤源对北京和郑州气溶胶中颗粒物来源影响仍然不容忽视。  相似文献   

土壤粒径的光谱响应特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾远文  段松江 《山东国土资源》2019,35(11)

以实验室制备的5个不同粒径水平的土壤样本和室内高光谱数据为基础,通过对光谱数据进行重采样、数学变换等预处理并进行单因素方差分析、相关性分析和回归分析,探讨土壤粒径的高光谱特性,建立了光谱数据预测土壤粒径的校正模型。结果表明,土壤粒径对反射光谱有显著的影响,波长越长影响越大;在全波段范围内土壤粒径和光谱数据都呈负相关关系,对原始光谱数据进行微分变换能增加其与土壤粒径的相关性;以反射率一阶微分建立的回归模型为反演土壤粒径的最佳模型,其建模决定系数■、预测决定系数■、预测相对偏差RPD分别为0.666,0.653,2.043,预测均方根误差RMSE为0.175。  相似文献